Special Report: How does DNA testing work

ã'tka'ta' j,ska wmrdOlrejka fldgqlr.kak yeá

fldgfoKshdfõ fiahd ÈhKsh >d;kfhka Èk lsysmhlg miq ielmsg fofofkl= w;awvx.=jg .;a w;r Tjqkaf.a;a fiahdf.a mshdf.a iy iShdf.a reêr idïm, ã'tka'ta' mÍlaIKhlg ,lalrkq ,enqjd'

tu ã'tka' ta' jd¾;dfjka fy<sjQfha tu lsisfjl=;a fuu wmrdOhg iïnkaO ke;s njhs'fudloao fï ã'tka' ta' jd¾;dj lshkafka'ta ms<sn|jhs wms fï fidhd n,kafka'

f.dvìu fjfik mqxÑ l=yqUqjdf.a mgka uyuqyqfoa fjfik fhdaO ;,auid olajd iEu Ôúhl= u ks¾udKh ù we;s uq,a u ;ekqï tallh jkafka i;aj iෛ,hhs' fuu iෛ,hl md,k uOHia:dkh jkafka kHIaáhhs' kHIaáh ks¾udKh ù we;af;a kHIaáldj" kHIaá hqI" fl%dueàka cd,h ^j¾K foay& hk fldgiaj,sks' kHIaál fm%daàkj,ska iE§ we;s j¾K‍foay j,ska fl%dueàka cd,h ks¾udKh ù we;'

fuu fl%dueàkacd,h fyj;a j¾Kfoayj, m%Odk ix>glh jkafka Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid ^DNA& wï,h kï ridhkslh h' idudkH jHjydrfha§ cdk f,i y÷kajkq ,nkafka o fuu DNA h' hful= fuf,djg ìysjkúg Tyq i;= m%fõKs.; ,laIK f.k tkafka fuu DNA fyj;a cdk uÛsks' .;s,laIK muKla fkdj mrmqfrka mrmqrg mej; tk frda.S ;;a;ajhka o f.k tkafka fuu cdk uÛsks'

b;d iQlaIuj úYaf,aIKh lr igykla ks¾udKh l< úg ã'tka'ta' wKqj tlsfkl jgd ne÷Kq oaú;aj i¾ms,dldr yevhla .kS' ã'tka'ta' wKqfõ yevh fidhd.kq ,enqfõ 1953 jif¾§h'

fï jk úg ã'tka'ta' mÍlaIK jd¾;djla f,dj uQ,sl jYfhka u Ndú;d lrkafka mqoa., wkkH;djhka y÷kd .ekSu i|ydh' tjeks iqúfYaIS jQ jákdlula ã'tka'ta' wKqjg ,eî we;af;a f,dj Ôj;ajk iEu i;ajhl=f.a u ã'tka'ta' rgdjka tlsfklg fjkia neúks' ‍f,dj fld;ekl fyda ã'tka'ta' rgdjka iudk mqoa.,hska fofofkla fkdue;s neúks' wmrdO mÍlaIKfha§ j¾;udkfha§ f,dj Ndú;d lrk úYajdijka;u idlaIslrejd ã'tka'ta' mÍlaIK jd¾;dj ù we;af;a tneúks'

j¾;udkfha§ ã'tka'ta' mÍlaIK jd¾;dj m%Odk wjYH;djhka follg fhdod .kS' bka m%Odk wjYH;djla wmrdO mÍlaIK lghq;=h' lsishï orejl= iïnkaOj isÿlrk uD;D nj iy mS;D nj fiùu wfkla wjYH;djhs'

wêlrK ffjoH mÍlaiK lghq;= i|yd ã'tka'ta' mÍlaIK jd¾;d b;d id¾:l f,i fhdod .; yels nj uq,ska u fidhd .kafka tx.,ka;fha f,iag¾ úYaj úoHd,fha uydpd¾h wef,la f–*aßia ^Alec Jeffrey& h' ta 1984 j¾Ifha§h' 1986 tla;rd Èfkl tx.,ka; fmd,Sish uydpd¾h wef,la f–*aßia fj; mqoa.,hl= /f.k wdfõh' Tyq ia;%S ¥IKhlg iïnkaO hehs ielmsg w;awvx.=jg .;a wfhls'

tys§ tu mqoa.,hdf.ka reêr idïm,hla ,nd.;a uydpd¾hjrhd Tyqf.a ã'tka'ta' wKq rgdj mÍlaId lf<ah' bkamiqj ¥IKhg ,lajQ ldka;djf.a fhdaks ud¾.fhka ,nd.;a ;r,h ;=< ;snQ Yql%dKqj, ã'tka'ta' wKq rgdj mÍlaId lrk ,§' tys§ uydpd¾h wef,lag wjfndaO jQfha tu ã'tka'ta' wKq rgdj;a tlsfklg iudk fkdjk nj h∙ ielmsg fmd,Sish uÛska w;awvx.=jg .;a mqoa.,hd ks¾fodaIS njh'

wfma rfÜ wêlrK ffjoH mÍlaIK i|yd uq,ska u ã'tka'ta' jd¾;djla fhdod.kq ,enqfõ hdmkfha fpïuks iuQy ñkSj< ydrk ,o wjia:dfõ§h' bka wk;=rej ã'tka'ta' jd¾;djla wmrdO mÍlaIKfha§ fhdod .;af;a uq¿ rgu lïmd l< fydalkaor mia mqoa., ñkSuereu ms<sn|j flreKq mÍlaIKj,§h' ta 1998 j¾Ifha§h' fuu mÍlaIK isÿlrkq ,enqfõ tjlg fld<U úYaj úoHd,fha úoHd mSGfha wdpd¾h udhd .=Kfialr uy;añh úisks' Ôkafgla wdh;kfha ks¾ud;Djßh jkafka o udhd .=Kfialr uy;añhhs'

by;ska i|yka l< wmrdO isÿùïj,g wu;rj uq¿ rfÜu wjOdkh fhduqjQ ñkS uereula isÿjQ frdah,a mdla isÿùfï§ ñh .sh ;reKshf.a fmïj;df.a weÛs,s i<l=Klska ,nd.;a ã'tka'ta' rgdj uÛska fuu ñkSuereu ms<sn|j fy<sorõ lr .ekSug yelsúh' tfia u 2004 § jif¾§ >d;khg ,lajQ uydêlrK úksiqre ir;a wfòmsáh uy;df.a >d;khg iïnkaOjQjka fidhd .ekSug yels jQfha wfòmsáh uy;df.a ksji bÈßmsg jeà ;snqKq jukh idïm,hlska ,nd.;a ã'tka'ta' rgdj uÛsks' miq.sh ld,fha fldgfl;k m%foaYfha o wmrdO /,a,la isÿúh'

tys§ ia;%S ¥IKhka lSmhla u isÿúh' tys§ w;jrhg ,lajQ ldka;djkaf.a YÍrj,ska ,nd.;a ã'tka'ta' idïm, uÛska jir 4 l muK ld,hla ;siafia isÿjQ wmrdO 4 l iïnkaO;dj f.dvkeÛSug yelsúh' wmrdO isÿùula yefrkakg ã'tka'ta' jd¾;djla ms<sn|j uq¿ uy;a rfÜ u wjOdkh fhduq jQ iqúfYaIS wjia:djla jkafka “iqkdñ fíì 81” kï kvq úNd.hh' tys§ iqkdñ jHikfhka wj;ekajQ orejl=f.a ienE foujqmshka y÷kd.ekSug ã'tka'ta' mÍlaIK jd¾;dj WmldÍ úh'

úoHd{hska yg ã'tka'ta' jd¾;dj blaukska iy myiqfjka ksl=;a l< yels jkafka fmd,Sish uÛska úoHd{hskayg ,ndfok idlaIs iy idOl u;h' lsishï wmrdOhlg mqoa.,hska úYd, ixLHdjla iel kï" wmrdOh isÿjQ ia:dkfhka ,nd.;a ffcj idïm,j, ;sfnk ã'tka'ta' iuÛ tu iellrejka úYd, ixLHdjlf.a ã'tka'ta' rgdj iei¢h hq;= ksid tu mÍlaIKfha m%;sM, m%udo úh yelsh'

ã'tka'ta' mÍlaIdjla i|yd reêrh ìxÿjla" uq;%d" wiQÑ" jukh" fl<" Yql%dKq me,a,ula" ysiflia" l=vd frdau l+m" we|f.k isá we÷ï" we| we;sß,s" Wrk ,o is.rÜ fldghla" lg ;nd mdkh lrk ,o ma,diaála j;=r fnda;,hla jeks o%jHhla jqjo m%udKj;a h' tfiau wmrdOh isÿ l< ;eke;a;d iam¾Y l< fodr w.=¿" wdhqO" fifrmamq" im;a;= jeks oDv mDIaghl ;ejÍ we;s wmrdOlref.a YÍrfhka .e,ù .sh b;d ishqï iï fldgia jqjo m%udKj;ah'

iam¾Yl ã'tka'ta' ^Touch DNA& f,i y÷kajkq ,nkafka fuf,i ,nd.kakd ã'tka'ta' wKqh' lsishï ffcù o%jHhl kHIaá iys; iෛ, we;=<;a jkafka o ta iEu fohla u ã'tka'ta' idlaIshls'

mqoa.,hl= lsishï wmrdOhlg iïnkaO ke;so hkak tu wmrdOlre úiska ms<s.;a; o ms<sfkd.;a;o" th i;H jYfhka u Tmamq l< yels tl u idOlh jkafka ã'tka'ta' mÍlaIK jd¾;djh' tuksid wmrdO mÍlaIKj,§ ã'tka'ta' jd¾;djg ,efnkafka by< jákdluls' ã'tka'ta' mÍlaIKhl b;d jeo.;a m%;sM,h jkafka" iellrejka lSm fofkl= w;ßka kshu wmrdOlre meyeÈ,sj y÷kd.ekSug ã'tka'ta' mÍlaIKfhka yelsùuh'

tys§ ielhg Ndckh jQ b;sß mqoa.,hskaf.a ks¾fodaISNdjh o Tmamqfõ' wmrdOlrejl= y÷kd .ekSu fuka u wysxil mqoa.,hl=f.a ks¾fodaISNdjh Tmamqùuo b;d jeo.;ah' ã'tka'ta' mÍlaIK jd¾;dj uÛska fuu lreKq folu tljr isÿfõ'